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Franco-Dutch War
The Franco-Dutch War (1672–1678), often called simply the Dutch War ((フランス語:Guerre de Hollande); (オランダ語:Hollandse Oorlog)), was a war fought by France, Sweden, the Prince-Bishopric of Münster, the Archbishopric of Cologne and England against the Dutch Republic, which was later joined by the Austrian Habsburg lands, Brandenburg and Spain to form a Quadruple Alliance. The war ended with the Treaty of Nijmegen of 1678, which granted France control of the Franche-Comté and some cities in Flanders and Hainaut, all formerly controlled by Spain. The year 1672 in Dutch is often referred to as ''Het Rampjaar'', meaning the year of disaster.
==Origins==
Until the War of Devolution (1667–68), Louis XIV of France considered the Dutch United Provinces to be trading rivals, seditious republicans and Protestant heretics – but military allies nevertheless. France and the United Provinces had been friends and allies for a century (since the 1560s)〔Wolf 1962, p. 316.〕 but this was ended by the Triple Alliance of 1668, which the Dutch signed with England (against whom they had just fought a war) and Sweden in support of Spain, another recent foe. Louis now felt deeply betrayed by the Dutch,〔Lynn 1999, p. 109.〕 and came to regard them as an obstacle to French expansion into the Spanish Netherlands.
During the four years of peace following the War of Devolution, Louis prepared for war against the United Provinces. Louis' first and primary objective was to gain the support of England.〔Smith 1965, p. 200.〕 England felt threatened by the growing naval power of the United Provinces. Indeed, the English had already fought two "navigation wars" against the Dutch—the first navigation (or Anglo-Dutch War) was fought in 1652–1654, during Cromwell's Commonwealth government in England. The second navigation war (Second Anglo-Dutch War) had just recently occurred from 1665 to 1667. Thus, the English did not need much encouragement to leave the Triple Alliance they had signed with the Dutch United Provinces, but to help things along, Louis XIV agreed to send financial support to the English in the amount of three million pounds annually.〔Lynn 1999, pp. 109–110.〕 Sweden agreed to indirectly support the invasion of the United Provinces, by threatening Brandenburg if that state should intervene in the war against the Dutch Republic.
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